温和条件下碳氢单键直接官能团化的新方法

介绍了近年来国内外在温和条件下碳氢单键直接官能团化反应的最新进展。官能团化反应的特点是，在常温常压和紫外光促进下，用过渡金属配合物催化碳氢单链活化，使烷烃、芳烃等烃类的碳氢单键直接官能团化，从而达到直接利用各种烷烃及芳烃作为化工原料合成有机化工产品的目的。通过紫外光催化可以使反应在常温常压下进行，能克服传统工艺能耗高、选择性差的缺陷。经不断深入研究，该反应可望在２１世纪成为环境友好的有机合成工艺。     

Lifetime and ageing management of nuclear power plants: A brief overview of some light water reactor component ageing degradation problems and ways of mitigation

The susceptibility and tendency for nuclear power plant (NPP) components to undergo changes in their mechanical and physical properties in the course of the NPP lifetime is generally termed as “ageing”. The light water reactor (LWR) nuclear environment is not a begnign one; it is characterized not only by fast neutrons, which can degrade metallic structures, but also relatively high temperatures of coolant water (around 300°C) which may contain impurities (e.g. sulphate, chloride, peroxides) which can cause corrosion. The hydrodynamical conditions of the coolant in steam generators, for example, can cause thermal fatigue, erosion and corrosion; suspended particulate matter can accelerate erosion processes which can lead to wall thinning and lowering of safety margins. Ageing is, therefore, a very complex mixture of factors concerned with materials, temperatures, times of exposure to environments which vary with time and with respect to chemical composition and flow charactertistics.

The paper describes a few ageing phenomena which can be considered important due to their impact on nuclear safety issues; their influence on economic aspects (availability) of NPP is outlined. Mitigation measures for NPP component ageing problems are given together with recommendations for addressing such issues in NPP now and in the future.     

环境友好阻燃环氧树脂覆铜板研究进展

论述了环境友好阻燃环氧树脂覆铜板研究开发的意义。提出通过开发并使用含氮、磷或硅的非卤阻燃型环氧树脂,含磷、氮或磷-氮的功能性阻燃固化剂和在体系中添加有机磷阻燃剂、氢氧化铝等无机阻燃剂等途径来开发环境友好阻燃环氧树脂覆铜板。并对我国在今后该领域的研究作了展望。     

Anticorrosive behavior of hydroxyapatite as an environmentally friendly pigment

From the point of view of waste recycling, hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be synthesized using the waste sludge from semiconductor process. The possibility of using HAp as an anticorrosive pigment was investigated. The water absorption of coating pigmented with anticorrosive pigment, HAp, red lead (RL) and zinc potassium chromate (ZPC), and the corrosion at interface between coating and substrate were monitored using AC impedance technique. The amount of absorbed water decreased in the order of ZPC- > HAp- > RL-pigmented > unpigmented film. However, the water absorbed into HAp- or ZPC-pigmented film seems to be beneficial to anticorrosive function. The anticorrosive performance of HAp is superior or at least comparable to those of ZPC and RL, which have been known as representative anticorrosive pigments. It seems that the anticorrosive properties of HAp is mainly achieved by passivating the substrate, namely the soluble component of HAp reacts with Fe to form iron phosphate in the presence of water.     

受约束且TCP友好的拥塞控制研究

提出了一种使用RTP／RTCP来收集信息的TCP友好的流控算法。当前的多媒体源对发送速率能够调整的粒度和上下限都有要求。本文提出的算法不仅满足了流控算法的TCP友好（TCP－friendly）的特性，还考虑了多媒体源的这些限制。提出的流控算法能够调整的步长是阶梯的。最后还对TCP友好的流控算法和它的约束算法进行了仿真，并分析了结果。     

流化催化裂化油浆综合利用的分析

流化催化裂化（FCC）油浆外甩量通常超过5%,需要脱固处理得到澄清油再利用。本文分析得出了向延迟焦化、溶剂脱沥青、减压蒸馏、加氢等重质油加工装置直接掺炼,局限性较大;利用减压蒸馏、溶剂抽提、超临界流体萃取等工艺,对澄清油“掐头去尾”,分离组分可生产针状焦、环保橡胶填充油、沥青树脂以及碳素纤维等高附加值产品。油浆组分通过延迟焦化制备针状焦,是工业化应用主体方向,但国内产品质量与国外尚有很大差距;油浆制备环保橡胶填充油,在降低环保橡胶油多环芳烃（PCA）和8种危害性稠环芳烃（PAHs）分别至3%和10mg/kg以下的同时,必须提高芳碳率（C_A）值至10%以上来保持橡胶相容性,其收率及生产成本是工业化应用推广的制约因素。     

基于沉浸边界法的轴流泵内鱼体运动数值模拟

为精细分析鱼类在水力机械流道中的运动特性,本文以轴流泵为例,采用沉浸边界（immersed boundary,IB）与流固耦合（fluid-structure interaction,FSI）及大涡模拟（large eddy simulation,LES）相结合的方法,对泵内流场及鱼体通过泵流道的运动过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在相同雷诺数下计算得到的设计工况扬程系数与实验值误差仅为2.7%,验证了IB-FSI-LES方法适合于模拟轴流泵内部流动。与将鱼体视为流体示踪粒子的常规计算相比,采用IB-FSI-LES方法可以得到鱼体在泵内的复杂运动轨迹,捕捉鱼体与叶片发生碰撞时的运动突变以及叶轮内鱼体周围流场中涡结构的形成和脱落。研究结果可为水利水电工程中鱼类过机损伤精确评估及鱼类友好型水力机械优化设计提供科学依据。     

环境友好缓蚀剂的研究现状和展望

围绕缓蚀性能、环境保护、经济效益研究开发适用绿色化学要求的环境友好缓蚀剂是缓蚀剂未来的发展方向。概述了有机、无机环境友好缓蚀剂的国内外研究现状,强调了复配增效技术在制备环境友好缓蚀剂中的作用及应用情况,介绍了利用天然植物制备环境友好缓蚀剂的情况,并提出了该领域的发展趋势。     

445/45R19.5环保型宽基低断面全钢载重轮胎的开发设计

445/45R19.5规格环保型宽基低断面全钢载重子午线轮胎结构和施工设计、结构设计、外直径、断面宽、胎圈着合直径、花纹设计：采用公司经典5道沟设计;胶料配方设计：全部采用公司最新的环保配方和环保芳烃油;施工设计：从轮胎的气密层到胎面间依次为1层3+9+15*0.22W钢丝胎体、四层钢丝带束层、过渡层的气密层采用溴化丁基橡胶胶料、胎冠采用双复合。我们通过加宽行驶面,增大内腔容积,从而增大接地面积,提高产品的操纵稳定性,并降低轮胎的滚动阻力。     

我国涂料市场的发展现状及趋势

从我国需求旺盛的涂料市场、涂料产品的结构等方面,阐述了我国涂料市场发展的商机;指出环保型防腐涂料的发展方向。